Revocación de la libertad condicional

Revocación de la libertad condicional

En lo que es cada vez más difícil para los abogados de defensa criminal en estos días, el abogado Stephen Mays y Mays Law Office, LLC prevaleció - finalmente - en una audiencia de revocación de la libertad condicional contra el Departamento de Correcciones (DOC) y un oficial de libertad condicional muy molesto y persistente y su supervisor.

En abril de 2023, en el condado de Dane, el cliente de MLO fue condenado (mientras representado por otro abogado) de Operar un Vehículo Motorizado Bajo la Influencia (OWI) como cuarta ofensa, un delito grave. En la sentencia, el tribunal retuvo la sentencia y ordenó tres años de libertad condicional, con algún tiempo de cárcel condicional.

Casi dos años más tarde, en enero de 2025, esta misma persona llamó a la policía porque su casa se estaba incendiando. El ahora cliente de MLO, que estaba en la escena cuando el oficial llegó y se identificó a través de su tarjeta de identificación estatal. El agente obtuvo información del cliente MLO, que declaró que estaba siguiendo el protocolo en relación con los incendios de estructuras. Primero preguntó si había algo inflamable en o cerca del edificio, aparentemente por razones de seguridad, antes de pasar a preguntar sobre cualquier objeto de valor que pudiera haber en la residencia. En cuanto a la primera cuestión, el cliente de MLO declaró que habría munición en la residencia, junto con otros artículos potencialmente inflamables o explosivos. Cuando se le preguntó por los objetos de valor, el cliente de MLO declaró que había armas en un cobertizo exterior no adosado.

En total, las fuerzas del orden recuperaron cinco armas largas (rifles o escopetas) de un cobertizo situado a más de 150 metros de la casa incendiada. No se localizaron ni incautaron pistolas, otras armas de fuego ni armas de ningún tipo. Basado en la presencia de esos artículos y el estado de libertad condicional del cliente MLO, fue detenido por ser un delincuente en posesión de armas de fuego. El cliente de MLO se mostró conforme al ser detenido, pero se lamentó de que tal vez no debería haber dicho a los agentes lo de las armas, ya que nunca las habrían encontrado.

El DOC entonces buscó revocar la libertad condicional de OWI del cliente de MLO por la violación de posesión de un arma de fuego por un criminal - un cargo que también fue traído por separado por la oficina del Fiscal de Distrito y lleva un potencial de 10 años en la prisión.

En la vista de revocación, el cliente de MLO declaró que había dicho a la policía que estaba en libertad condicional y que no debía estar en posesión de armas de fuego. También declaró que miembros de su familia y otras personas tenían acceso al edificio para guardarlas. No se recuperó ningún arma de fuego de la residencia. El agente testificó que el cliente de MLO se mostró cooperativo y comunicativo a lo largo de sus interacciones y que probablemente no se habría dado cuenta de la presencia de ningún arma de fuego, si el cliente de MLO no hubiera sido honesto y sincero con ellos. De hecho, el agente declaró que, en general, se sintió mal por tener que detener al cliente MLO debido a las infracciones, dado que se mostró tan comunicativo y colaborador con las fuerzas del orden.

En la vista, el cliente de MLO admitió que las armas de fuego estaban en su cobertizo. También admitió que su condición de delincuente convicto le prohibía específicamente poseer armas de fuego u otras armas. El único delito grave por el cual el cliente de MLO había sido condenado anteriormente era el delito grave subyacente de OWI 4to. El no tenia historia criminal fuera de OWI y ofensas relacionadas con trafico. No obstante, al poseer armas de fuego como delincuente, el cliente de MLO había violado su libertad condicional.

Con esto, el Juez de Derecho Administrativo (ALJ) determinó que el DOC había cumplido con su carga de probar una violación de la libertad condicional. Nunca se demostró que el cliente de MLO hubiera manejado él mismo las armas de fuego en ningún momento después de ser condenado y convertirse en delincuente y estar sujeto a sus normas de supervisión. Sin embargo, existió una violación. La siguiente cuestión era si la violación justificaba la revocación de la libertad condicional.

Al revocar la libertad condicional de una persona, dicha revocación sólo está justificada si, basándose en el delito original y la conducta interviniente, el ALJ considera que:

(1) el confinamiento es necesario para proteger al público de nuevas actividades delictivas por parte del cliente; o

(2) el cliente necesita un tratamiento correccional que puede proporcionarse de la forma más eficaz si está recluido; o

(3) depreciaría indebidamente la gravedad de la infracción si no se revocara la supervisión; y no existen alternativas apropiadas a la revocación (ATR).

Esto se conoce como los factores "Plotkin", basados en el caso State ex rel. Plotkin v. Dep't of Health & Soc. Servs., 63 Wis.2d 535, 544-45, 217 N.W.2d 641 (1974), Wis. Admin. Code § HA 2.05(7)(b)3.

Al dictar su decisión de no revocar la la libertad condicional del cliente de MLO, el ALJ observó que el cliente de MLO tenía 57 años y estaba en libertad condicional por OWI - la ofensa que resultó en su estado como un criminal. Sin embargo, el delito subyacente no comparte ningún nexo significativo con la violación en el procedimiento de revocación. No se alegó, ni siquiera se sugirió, que el cliente de MLO había consumido alcohol o cualquier otra sustancia en o alrededor del momento del incendio o sus interacciones con la policía. No hay alegaciones de OWI u otras alegaciones relacionadas con vehículos de motor.

La libertad condicional del cliente de MLO comenzó en abril de 2023. Desde su liberación a la comunidad, no hubo violaciones previas de sus reglas de supervisión comunitaria. Por el contrario, el cliente de MLO cumplió con la supervisión, se comprometió positivamente con su agente, y reflejó un ajuste general positivo mientras estuvo en libertad condicional. Tuvo una vivienda estable durante todo su tiempo en la comunidad, al menos hasta que el incendio se cobró su casa. También tenía un empleo estable, en la misma empresa desde hacía unos diez años. No tenía compañeros ni asociaciones antisociales. El Departamento de Libertad Vigilada no tuvo ningún problema con él durante su periodo de libertad condicional, incluido el consumo de alcohol o drogas. No planteó ninguna preocupación y había completado la evaluación de alcohol ordenada por el tribunal. De hecho, el Departamento de Libertad Vigilada declaró que había obtenido tan buenos resultados en el período de libertad condicional que solicitó al tribunal que se le concediera la libertad condicional anticipada, seis meses antes de lo previsto.

El ALJ prosiguió en su decisión afirmando lo siguiente al abordar los factores Plotkin antes mencionados:

  • "En general, el hecho de que un delincuente esté en posesión de un arma de fuego es una situación sumamente peligrosa que crea innumerables posibilidades de que se produzcan daños. Debido a la seriedad y naturaleza peligrosa de esa conducta, la revocación es ampliamente justificada como necesaria para no depreciar indebidamente la seriedad de la violación y para proveer protección pública de daño o riesgo de daño. También se observa que [cliente MLO] no tiene ninguna necesidad aparente de tratamiento en este momento; por lo tanto, no hay apoyo bajo Plotkin que la revocación se justifique para proporcionarle el tratamiento que sería más eficaz en un entorno confinado.

En última instancia, sin embargo, este es un caso muy singular y un conjunto de circunstancias que no justifica revocación of [MLO client’s] probation.  [He] has been completely compliant with the department and his rules of supervision while in the community for over two years and on probation for nearly three.  The only exception to this statement is the instant violation wherein [he] had been in possession of several long guns for an apparently extended period of time, while on probation.  He was aware that he was not to possess firearms; however, it appears that he did not fully understand or appreciate the full extent of what it meant to possess those items.  [MLO client’s] ignorance of the law or his rules of supervision is not a defense or mitigating consideration in this matter, but it is relevant to this decision. That is because [he] has been entirely forthcoming and cooperative with law enforcement and the department in regard to the violations.  That he contested them here is not viewed as avoiding consequence, as he did not particularly contest any of the facts alleged in the report or by the department. In fact, [he] essentially self-reported the violation to … law enforcement [who] would not likely have been aware of the presence of firearms on the premises {MLO client] volunteering that information.  After doing so, he remained compliant with law enforcement.   While [MLO client’s] conduct is serious and he has at least been referred to new felony charges of being a felon in possession of a firearm, revocation is not necessary in this matter.

By the time this decision is final, [he] will have been in custody awaiting revocation for approximately four months.  That period of time is a sufficient sanction for the proven conduct, if not in excess of what may be necessary to impart the severity of the offense on [him]. This was his first violation of any rule of community supervision.  His adjustment was otherwise impeccable and stable over the course of years.  He was honest to his own detriment but has appeared to be understanding of why the department has sought revocation.  It does not appear that this incident is cause for concern regarding his ongoing relationship with the department or [his agent].

Finally, as previously mentioned, revocation is not supported by any treatment need that [MLO client] may have that is not being adequately addressed in the community.  The conduct does not justify a lengthier term of incarceration for any need, much less treatment.  [He] has not been directed to treatment by the department during his period of supervision and has not received any alternatives to revocation, based at least partially upon his lack of treatment needs.  [He] should not be penalized with a term of confinement because, at least in part, he does not have an easily identifiable treatment need that he can be connected to services on.

It is therefore ORDERED that the probation of [MLO client] Dane County case 22CF*** is not revoked.”

However, as is becoming par for the court in revocation hearings in which the DOC loses, the DOC filed a barely one-page appeal seeking to overturn the above decision not revoking probation.  This act, alone, kept MLO client in jail – on the continued probation hold – for at least another 21 days.

Then, 28 days after the DOC’s appeal was filed – and Attorney Mays filed a rebuttal to the DOC’s appeal the day the DOC appealed – the Administrator for the Division of Hearings and Appeals filed this brief decision.

“After review of this appeal pursuant to Wis. Stats. § 301.035, the Decision and Order of the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) is Sustained for the following reasons:

  • The Department of Corrections (DOC) appeals the underlying decision not revoking [MLO client’s] probation supervision.  The sole allegation was proven.  To wit, on January 9, 2025, [MLO client] possessed firearms.  They were discovered by law enforcement responding to a fire at his residence, at which time [MLO client] disclosed that there were rifles in his shed when asked whether there were any potentially flammable items nearby.  Emphasizing [MLO client’s] previous excellent adjustment to probation and lack of evidence that he actually handled or used the long guns while on probation, the ALJ did not revoke probation, which would have returned [MLO client] to court for sentencing after revocation on the underlying offense of OWI (4th).

On appeal, the DOC requests reversal, emphasizing the danger of [MLO client] maintaining the firearms in an unlocked shed on his property.  It submits that not revoking would unduly depreciate the seriousness of a felon in possession of firearms.  In reply to the appeal, [MLO client’s attorney, Stephen Mays] argues that the underlying decision must be sustained.  [Attorney Mays] notes the mitigating factors, including no violent criminal history, his truthfulness with the authorities to his own detriment, and his otherwise impeccable performance on probation to the point that the DOC had petitioned to discharge him early.  On this de novo review, the record supports the decision.

This case presents unique circumstances making revocation unnecessary.  In addition to the mitigating factors listed above, [MLO clients] is likely to have penal consequences as a result of being charged criminally for possessing the firearm, and he has now been in custody for nearly four months.  Further, the violation bears no nexus to his underlying offense or criminal history.

Notably, OWI-related offenses constitute his only criminal history.  The decision [not to revoke probation] is well-reasoned and supported by the record. It is sustained.”

So, while justice sometimes takes some time, if you have the right attorney, who is knowledgeable and well-versed in both the law and the criminal procedure, and is willing to fight on your behalf, justice can ultimately prevail as it did for her.

Should You File for Workers’ Compensation After an On-the-Job Injury in Wisconsin?

Should You File for Workers’ Compensation After an On-the-Job Injury in Wisconsin?

You were injured on the job. Should you file for workers’ compensation? This is an extremely common question. On-the-job injuries happen all the time, and most workers are not familiar with their rights under Wisconsin law.

While the answer to this question ultimately depends on your specific circumstances, it will be a clear, “Yes,” in many cases. Most workers in Wisconsin are eligible to file for benefits when they get injured on the job. Keep reading to learn more about your legal rights in Wisconsin—and then contact us for a free, no-obligation consultation about your claim for benefits.

7 Important Facts About Filing for Workers’ Compensation in Wisconsin

What do you need to know about your legal rights if you were injured on the job? Here are seven important facts about filing for workers’ compensation in Wisconsin:

1. If You Are an Employee, You Should Be Covered

First and foremost, if you are an employee, you should be covered. In Wisconsin, employers are required to provide workers’ compensation coverage if they pay gross wages of $500 or more in any calendar quarter. This covers essentially all employers in the state. It covers out-of-state employers with employees in Wisconsin as well.

There is a distinction between employees and independent contractors—and, while employees are generally covered, independent contractors generally are not. If you are classified as an independent contractor, you may not be eligible for workers’ compensation benefits, although it may still be worth talking to a lawyer to make sure you have been classified appropriately.

2. If You Are Covered, You Have the Right to File for Benefits

If you are covered under your employer’s workers’ compensation plan, you have the right to file for benefits. The workers’ compensation system exists specifically to protect employees who get injured on the job, and your employer cannot try to prevent you from asserting your legal rights.

Importantly, this does not necessarily mean that your employer will accept your claim. In many cases, employers will dispute their employees’ claims in an effort to protect their bottom lines. The risk of facing issues with your claim is one of several reasons why it is important to have an experienced workers’ compensation lawyer on your side.

3. Your Employer Cannot Legally Retaliate Against You for Seeking Benefits

Just as your employer cannot try to prevent you from asserting your legal rights, it also cannot retaliate against you for seeking benefits. This is clear under Wisconsin law. If your employer retaliates against you illegally, your lawyer may be able to help you recover additional compensation.

Retaliation can take many forms; and, as an employee, it is important to know when you are (or might be) a victim. Firing you, demoting you, reassigning you, and reducing your pay are all examples of actions that could constitute retaliation. If you experience any of these after filing for benefits without a seemingly valid justification, you will want to discuss your options with your lawyer promptly.

4. Workers’ Compensation Covers Your Medical Costs Right Away

In Wisconsin, workers’ compensation covers your medical costs from the day you get injured. You have the right to choose your own doctor under Wisconsin law—your employer cannot tell you were to go. If you are not satisfied with the doctor you choose, you can change your doctor once without your employer’s approval. But, after the first change, “any further change may be made only by mutual agreement between the employee, employer and insurance carrier.”

A challenge that many injured workers face is deciding when to return to work. As the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development (DWD) explains:

“If you have been advised by the doctor to return to work, an attempt should be made to return to the job even if you may not feel 100% up to it. By returning to work as directed by your doctor, you will be in a stronger position to obtain additional benefits if you attempted to return than if you refused an offer of work.”

Of course, returning to work too soon can be risky—as it can potentially lead to additional costs, pain, and complications that could (and perhaps should) have been avoided. If you have questions about whether you should return to work, your lawyer can help you make an infor

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