The Importance of Pre-Charge Representation in Criminal Defense

When facing the possibility of criminal charges, many people feel overwhelmed and unsure of their next steps. A common misconception is that legal representation is only necessary after being formally charged with a crime. However, *pre-charge representation* can be a critical step in protecting your rights, potentially avoiding charges altogether, and mitigating future legal consequences.

What is Pre-Charge Representation?

Pre-charge representation refers to legal assistance provided before formal criminal charges are filed. This often occurs during the investigation phase of a criminal case, when law enforcement is gathering evidence, conducting interviews, and determining whether to bring charges against a suspect. During this time, prosecutors and police may already be considering a case against you, even if you haven’t been arrested or formally accused. A skilled criminal defense attorney can intervene at this early stage, advising you on your rights, guiding your interactions with investigators, and working to prevent charges from being filed.

Why Is Pre-Charge Representation Important?

1. Protect Your Rights Law enforcement officers are trained to gather evidence and build cases, and they may attempt to question you without informing you of your rights. A criminal defense attorney can ensure you don’t unintentionally incriminate yourself during questioning or give law enforcement unnecessary information. They can also prevent unlawful searches or seizures of your property, safeguarding your Fourth Amendment rights. Further, by invoking your Fifth Amendment right to counsel, you are likely to dissuade law enforcement from further attempts to interact with you.
2. Early Case Intervention A defense attorney can intervene before charges are filed, potentially influencing the prosecutor’s decision to pursue or drop the case. This could involve presenting exculpatory evidence or arguing that the investigation lacks probable cause or sufficient evidence to bring a successful prosecution and that further pursuing the matter would be a waste of time and resources. By addressing weaknesses in the prosecution’s case early, an attorney may convince prosecutors not to pursue charges or seek lesser charges. In many counties in Wisconsin there are programs for what it known as a deferred prosecution. This involves taking responsibility for any potentially unlawful conduct and abiding by terms of an agreement for a period of time after which a charge may be dismissed. This may be done after formal charges have been filed and the case has wound its way through the criminal justice system. This, of course, involves fully retaining an attorney and paying a substantial fee. By being proactive and hiring an attorney before charges are filed at a reduced fee, a pre-charged deferral is one possibility to avoid criminal charges altogether. Such a positive and swift outcome can not only spare our clients the stress and expense of defending against formal criminal charges, but can also spare them the humiliation of having an easily accessible public court record of a criminal prosecution having been brought against them no matter the outcome.
3. Guidance on Cooperation Pre-charge representation helps you navigate how much, if any, cooperation is in your best interest. In some cases, cooperation with law enforcement can lead to favorable outcomes, such as immunity or reduced charges. In other cases, it may expose you to unnecessary risk. An attorney can guide you on the best course of action for your specific situation. Attempting to handle such complex circumstances without the benefit of years of experience in gauging likely outcomes of varying degrees of cooperation could likely run a significant risk of greater legal jeopardy.
4. Negotiating Terms If charges are likely to be filed, a defense attorney can negotiate the terms of your surrender, reducing the chances of a public arrest or other disruptive actions. They may also be able to arrange for a signature bond rather than substantial cash bail or other conditions that minimize the impact of a potential arrest.
5. Mitigating Public Relations Consequences Criminal investigations can become public knowledge, potentially harming your reputation, career, or personal life. Having an attorney involved early can help manage any media attention or public scrutiny. They can work to protect your privacy and advise on how to handle any necessary public relations aspects of the case.

Examples of Pre-Charge Scenarios

White-Collar Crimes: When suspected of fraud or embezzlement, financial records may be under scrutiny before you are even aware of an investigation. An attorney can work with accountants and financial experts to present a strong defense during this stage. Drug Crimes: In drug-related investigations, law enforcement may rely on confidential informants or other means of surveillance ranging anywhere from intercepted phone records to GPS monitoring of vehicles. An attorney can assess the legality of such actions and challenge the constitutionality of improper police procedures. DUI Charges: If you are involved in an accident and suspected of driving under the influence, pre-charge representation can help ensure proper protocols are followed and provide sound and experienced advice on steps to minimize suspicion and avoid disclosing incriminating information to law enforcement.

When Should You Seek Pre-Charge Representation?

If you are aware that you are being investigated for a crime, or if you believe you may be under suspicion, it is crucial to consult with an attorney as soon as possible. Some common indicators that pre-charge representation may be needed include:

• Law enforcement contacts you for questioning.
• You receive a subpoena or search warrant.
• You are aware of an internal investigation at your workplace.
• You believe you may have been implicated in a crime by someone else.

Conclusion

Pre-charge representation can make the difference between being charged with a crime and avoiding prosecution altogether. By involving an experienced criminal defense attorney at the earliest stages of an investigation, you are taking proactive steps to protect your rights, defend your reputation, and reduce the potential consequences of criminal charges. If you suspect you are under investigation or have been contacted by law enforcement, don’t wait until it’s too late. Reach out to the experienced and qualified criminal defense attorneys at Mays Law Office, LLC. at (608)257-0440, for pre-charge representation and protect yourself from the outset.

Sometimes clients can be their own worst enemies. And when acts of self-sabotage occur, that is when patience, compassion and persistence are at a tremendous premium. In a recent post, Attorney John Orth reported the following:

“While on probation for 10 counts of theft and robbery, R.A. was arrested for 14 additional counts of criminal charges, primarily theft and drug possession. She was confined to jail on a probation hold and proceedings to revoke her probation were initiated.  Both episodes were clearly motivated by R.A.’s addiction. Despite the severity of both the original and new charges, Attorney Orth was able to persuade both her probation agent and the prosecuting attorney that the inadequacy of her previous treatment plan was the root cause of reoffending.  After helping her to secure placement at a long-term treatment facility, Attorney Orth was able to avoid the revocation of her probation and secure a disposition on the new charges that avoided any further reincarceration.”

Sounds like a happy ending? Not so fast. Between the writing of the above narrative and the next court date at which this superlative disposition was to be formalized, R.A. absconded from her treatment facility after less than two weeks and resumed intensive drug use. Upon learning this, Attorney Orth immediately contacted R. A. and recommended that she turn herself in prior to the next court date as the best first step to repaving the way to reviving the settlement that he had previously secured. R. A. did not follow Attorney Orth’s recommendation and instead committed seven more felony retail thefts.

As is inevitably the case, R.A. was eventually picked up and placed on a probation hold and revocation proceedings were initiated once again. Attorney Orth was able to again secure an alternative to probation revocation in the form of supervised drug abuse treatment. However, this outcome would be contingent on the prosecuting attorney’s agreement to not pursue imprisonment on any of the pending charges. Given the circumstances and chronic nature of R.A.’s criminal history, this seemed unlikely. Yet that is exactly what happened. While the prosecution had initially revoked its previous agreement upon learning of R.A.’s latest crime spree, Attorney Orth was able to work with the Department of Corrections and the District Attorney’s Office to craft a solution that adequately satisfied both the concern for public welfare and R.A.’s treatment needs. R.A. is presently participating in an intensive treatment program. Upon successful completion of this program all pending charges will be resolved with a non-prison disposition. Although, as we know from experience, things don’t always go as planned.

Now, let’s consider the results achieved for client E.R. Following a highly contentious separation from his wife, E.R. was arrested and charged with felony first degree reckless endangering safety from an incident in which he was alleged to have deliberately cut the gas line at his ex-wife’s home in what the prosecution viewed as an attempt to end the lives of his ex-wife and children. The crime of first degree reckless endangering safety is defined by Wisconsin law as follows:

1. The defendant endangered the safety of another human being.

2. The defendant endangered the safety of another by criminally reckless conduct.

“Criminally reckless conduct” means the conduct created a risk of death or great bodily harm to another person; and the risk of death or great bodily harm was unreasonable and substantial; and the defendant was aware that his or her conduct created the unreasonable and substantial risk of death or great bodily harm.

“Great bodily harm” means injury which creates a substantial risk of death, or which causes serious permanent disfigurement, or which causes a permanent or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ, or other serious bodily injury.

3. The circumstances of the defendant’s conduct showed utter disregard for human life. In determining whether the circumstances of the conduct showed utter disregard for human life, consider these factors: what the defendant was doing; why the defendant was engaged in that conduct; how dangerous the conduct was; how obvious the danger was; whether the conduct showed any regard for life; and all other facts and circumstances relating to the conduct.

E.R. acknowledged tripping over a gas line while visiting the property but fastidiously denied that he caused any damage intentionally. Certainly a simple accident could not constitute “criminally reckless conduct” as described above. Knowing that an accidental tear could be distinguished from and intentional cutting, Attorney Orth enlisted the assistance of an expert from the National Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners and was ultimately able to convince the prosecuting attorney that no crime at all had been committed resulting in the dismissal of the first degree reckless endangering safety charge.

And then there is client G.T., a U.W. Madison student. G.T. had a not-so-great evening recently. Following a bit more imbibement than good judgment would recommend, G.T. woke up to find that he had been issued a criminal charge of disorderly conduct. It turns out that passing out in a stranger’s front lawn can be viewed as criminally disturbing behavior. Given G.T.’s relative youth and lack of any criminal history, it would seem a shame to have G.T.’s reputation marred by even a criminal charge being filed, much less a conviction being sought. In such situations it is critical to have experienced and aggressive representation that knows when and how to intervene to get the best possible outcome. Where some attorneys might simply wait for the court date assigned to G.T., enter a not guilty plea and then attempt to negotiate a favorable disposition at a later time, Attorney Orth took a more proactive approach. Knowing that police reports and a charging recommendation would be filed with the District Attorney’s Office within the few weeks following the incident, he made contact with the District Attorney’s Office on a daily basis until the case was under review for a charging decision. When that occurred Attorney Orth was able to arrange a meeting with the Assistant District Attorney who was reviewing the case. Following that meeting charges were declined altogether and G.T. was spared with unpleasantness and public humiliation that comes with defending against criminal charges.

Some recent success stories from the criminal defense side of Mays Law Office, LLC.

In the Village of Marshall four teenagers were charged with one count each of disorderly conduct and damage to public property.  The charges arose from an incident in which a public park’s bathrooms and concession stand were vandalized. An onlooker flagged down an officer and reported what she had just seen. Four of the teenagers were identified and subsequently questioned by the officer.  Each one gave conflicting and shifting accounts of what occurred.  The only consistency is that each one denied being involved and suggested that the others were responsible. A little over a week prior to the matters proceeding to trial, Attorney John Orth was retained to represent one of the teens.  After obtaining police reports Attorney Orth made contact with the prosecuting attorney.  Her position was that given the fact that no one was accepting any responsibility, she would not be offering any plea deals or concessions and simply proceed to trial and let the judge decide which, if any, of the teens were being truthful.  When the trial was about to commence, Attorney Orth requested a meeting with all of the parents present. After a rocky start with each of the parents being angry in varying degrees with their own children, the other children, and the police, Attorney Orth set about seeking some common ground, common sense, and a unified plan for how to proceed.  As always, the number one objective is to avoid convictions and sometimes that requires creativity, flexibility, and persuasion.  After some back and forth between the prosecuting attorney and the group of parents, Attorney Orth was able to reach a solution that was beneficial to all involved.  Rather than proceeding to trial and having the judge try to sort out the truth, Attorney Orth was able to convince the prosecuting attorney to agree to hold the charges open for 60 days.  During that time each of the teens would agree to perform eight to ten hours of community service for the Parks Department and all of the families would split the relatively modest restitution for repairing the damage four ways.  Upon fulfilling these obligations, all charges were dismissed.  An event that began with palpable anxiety and angry grumbling ended with a group of families lightheartedly chatting and catching up.

Attorney Stephen Mays was contacted by the distraught mother of a 17-year-old boy, ND, who was being held in the county jail for days pending a bail hearing before a court commissioner. He was being charged with felony reckless endangering of safety for allegedly driving at a speed in excess of 115 MPH in a high-traffic business district with a 35 MPH speed limit.  While ND’s conduct may have been impulsive and perhaps reckless (two things teenagers often are), Attorney Mays was determined not to have a young man be saddled with a felony conviction that could haunt him for the rest of his life.  By focusing on the positive attributes in ND’s life – great grades, being in the process of obtaining a pilot’s license, working multiple jobs – Attorney Mays we able to convince the prosecuting attorney that this is a promising young man with a bright future that would be all but destroyed by a felony conviction and greatly hampered by any conviction.  Attorney Mays got the charge reduced to a misdemeanor charge of negligent operation of a motor vehicle and secured a deferred prosecution agreement ultimately resulting in dismissal of the charge.  In the end, ND won’t have so much as even a speeding ticket to show for this incident.

Following a three-month long intensive investigation by the Federal Drug Enforcement Agency working in conjunction with local law enforcement, GV was arrested in a sting operation executed by the Wisconsin State Patrol. The investigators obtained warrants to track all of GV’s movements by GPS and ultimately determined that a storage unit was the nexus of his activities and a warrant for its search was obtained.  While the State Patrol was detaining GV in a traffic stop that ultimately led to his arrest for misdemeanor possession of cocaine, the search warrant for the storage unit was executed.  Among other evidence, agents seized an entire pound of cocaine.  Initially charged in state court for simple possession of cocaine while the evidence from the storage unit was being processed, GV was referred by a trusted friend to Attorney Orth for representation.  Given the overwhelming strength of the evidence and the fact that law enforcement methodically followed proper procedures and secured valid warrants every step of the way, the best strategy was to work out the best deal possible.  And to do so for not only the current misdemeanor charge, but to begin negotiations on the upcoming felony possession with intent to deliver while there was still a possibility to wrap that more serious charge into a state court agreement.  Were it to be filed in the Federal District Court, GV would be facing sentencing guidelines that would ensure a lengthy prison sentence given the amount of cocaine seized.  Ultimately, Attorney Orth was able to convince the prosecutor to agree to impose but stay a two-year prison sentence and instead place GV on probation for three years.  One pound of cocaine and not a day in prison – no small feat.

LR was charged with felony stalking of underage victims.  The alleged victims in this case were his step-grandchildren – the children of LR’s second wife’s son and his wife.  During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the children’s parents had concerns about their grandmother’s and LR’s level of safety precautions and drastically reduced the amount of exposure LR and his wife were allowed to have with the children.  This conflict ultimately led to a souring of relations between the two families and LR and his wife were told to have no contact with them.  However, given that all parties live in the same small town, incidental contact would be practically inevitable.  In instances in which that would happen, LR found it to feel awkward and downright mean spirited to ignore the children.  Instead, he would simply wave or say hello.  These seemingly innocuous gestures incensed the children’s parents.  And as often unfortunately happens, what might have been a minor and easily correctable dispute turns into a potentially life altering event when law enforcement is brought into the picture.  Given the serious charge LR was now facing, he turned to Mays Law Office for assistance. Over the course of nearly three years of persistent advocacy, investigation and negotiation, Attorney Mays was successful in convincing the prosecuting attorney that the allegations reported by the parents were, in fact, simply trumped up, concocted out of sheer anger and lacking any real merit.  Throughout that time, Attorney Mays made it perfectly clear that he would absolutely not settle for anything less than outright dismissal.  And in the end, that’s exactly what he secured for LR.

Mays Law Office is proud of the results that they continually get for their clients. This kind of strong advocacy comes in many forms that can only be mastered with experience and a strong reputation. Attorneys Mays and Orth have more than 45 years of combined experience defending their clients in criminal matters with superb results.  Contact them today for a free consultation.

Our law firm, Mays Law Office, LLC was named a top favorite for Best Law Firm by Madison.com People’s Choice.

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